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Fertilization is theprocess by which male and female gametes are fused together, initiating the development of a new organism. The male gamete or 鈥檚perm鈥? and the female gamete, 鈥檈gg鈥?or 鈥檕vum鈥?are specialized sex cells, which fuse together to begin the formation of a zygote during a process called sexual reproduction.

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In plants, fertilization is a process of sexual reproduction, which occurs after pollination and germination. Fertilization can be defined as the fusion of the male gametes (pollen) with the female gametes (ovum) to form a diploid zygote. It is a physicochemical process which occurs after the pollination of the carpel.

Human fertilization begins with the female menstrual cycle, which usually occurs once a month. At roughly the halfway point of the menstrual cycle, an egg is released from one of two ovaries in a process know as ovulation. Once the egg is released, or ovulated, it starts to travel down the fallopian tube.

As the cell biology of mammalian fertilizationbecomes better understood and the molecules that mediate the various steps in the process are defined, new strategies for contraception become possible.

Self Fertilization. The process of fertilization, which involves the cross-fertilization between gametes from two different individuals, male and female, is called allogamy. Autogamy, also known as self-fertilization, occurs when two gametes from one individual fuse; this occurs in hermaphrodites, such as flatworms and certain plants.